Opinion: Why A Game Designer Outgrew Video Games
November 6, 2008 4:00 PM | Simon Carless
[As kids grow, they may trade Dr. Seuss for George Orwell, and Nickelodeon for CNN -- but for what can they trade Super Mario Bros.? In this opinion piece, designer Brice Morrison laments the lack of truly mature games -- and examines what "adulthood" for games might look like.]
My mother was never interested in games when I was little. Looking up from her newspaper, she would give a soft smile as she saw my brother and I engrossed in Super Mario Brothers before slipping back into her reading.
"Mom!" we called. "Come play Mario with us!" We happily tossed her the controller, only to grimace as we watched her plummet poor Mario off a cliff accidentally. "I don’t like these games. You boys have a good time," she would say, handing the controller back to us. With a sigh, my brother and I would take back the controls and continue on.
Try as she might, my mother could never get the hang of moving that "tiny man", as she called him, around the screen. To her, games were toys; children’s playthings, a skill not worth investing time in.
Games provided no lessons, no useful knowledge, no reward that interested her. They were fine for us, but to her, an intelligent adult, they were a waste of time.
Only Entertainment
It was only a few years later when I myself began to share my mother’s point of view. I was disappointed to find that as I matured, I was leaving games behind.
While my interests in other media grew substantially more adult -- from Nickelodeon to CNN, from Dr. Seuss to George Orwell -- games did not seem to have a more intelligent counterpart for me to move on to.
As I entered college, I became less interested in mindless entertainment and more interested in encountering new ideas. I didn’t want to kill time; I wanted to take advantage of it. I wanted to challenge myself with profound concepts, to learn of new paradigms, processes, and possibilities.
To fill my growing need for intellectual nourishment, I left games and moved to other media, texts largely influenced by schoolwork. In the search for ideas, books more than satisfied me. Fiction and non-fiction books such as Brave New World and Seven Habits enriched my life and took me places I had never before been. Television and documentary films followed close behind. I was an "infovore", eager to learn all I could about the world I live in.
But the games I played appeared to have nothing to say in this discussion of the pragmatic. And so reluctantly I waved goodbye to my entertaining friend in search of deeper art and ideas.
As a longtime video game player, I wondered: did it have to be this way? Why were games stuck with a preteen obsession, while other media managed to satisfy different consumers at different stages of life?
Books were also capable of pure entertainment, so why was it that the written word was versatile enough to delve deep into the human psyche, while games could only provide simple fun? Surely there was a way to make games with more depth than Super Mario. But if so, where were they?
TV Can Do It, Why Can’t I?
I began to compare games to other communication forms, and I noticed that some media have hit the big time, so to speak. Television is one. Film is another. Books and magazines yet another.
All of these media are universally accepted and not even questioned when we see them expressing the deeper concerns of reality, simply a palette on which artists can create their craft. They are capable of being either pure entertainment or pure intellectual discourse. As a medium, they are free.
Games do not have this luxury. To many people, games are only allowed to exist for pure entertainment. Another medium that has succumbed to this sad fate is comic books. Artist Scott McCloud has written (and drawn) extensively about the tragedy of comic books. They, like games, are a medium which has yet to break out of its childish audience.
Only a small handful of comics have been able to reach deeper and more intellectual concepts than the slam-bang action of superheroes. Yet McCloud argues that comics as a medium are capable of so much more than children’s fantasies. Themes of romance, biography, satire, or surrealism are not out of their reach.
Perhaps comics are not yet down for the count; perhaps they will one day serve more purposes than children’s entertainment. For example, a comic drawn by McCloud himself served as the tutorial for Google’s newest Chrome browser.
But for a form of communication that has been around since the 1930’s, comics are a long way from where they would like to be: read by children and adults, men and women, expressing a multitude of themes and ideas.
Games As The Baby Brother
Games, luckily, are only about 30 years old at best, much younger than comics, and certainly much younger than books. As a medium, they have a lot of time ahead to grow and find their identity.
So what exactly are the barriers of entry for great thinkers (or groups of thinkers) to leave their mark on games? What must happen for games -- or interactive entertainment, if you will, to mature as a medium?
While no one knows the answer to this question, many people (and companies) have stepped up to the plate to attempt to bring games to the next level. The Nintendo Wii has been a monumental development in the games industry, not because of its innovative technology, not because is has helped get people off of the couch, but because of the way it has changed the audience.
My mother, who claimed she could never play games, frequently plays Wii bowling with my aunt. A substantial amount of Wii owners claim that it is their first video game console. This means that, by taking away the buttons that confounded my mother and replacing them with movement-based controls, Nintendo has opened up the possibility that games could be for people other than kids.
But Nintendo is not the only one moving the age of gamers up the scale. The ESRB claims that the average gamer is 35 years old, contrary to most anecdotal evidence. As kids (such as myself) who grew up on games turn into adults, the opportunity exists to satisfy their new tastes.
Who cares if games are played by an older audience? That doesn’t guarantee that it will become a truly respectable medium. Ian Bogost, professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology, wrote that games will not be truly expected as a medium until there are more boring games.
Only when games are mundane enough to be accepted as a method to, say, teach us how to drive safely, will games have truly arrived. While the goal isn’t to create boring games, the goal is to approach a world and a public perception where boring games are not outlandish.
So how do we get there? One step at a time. Games like My Weight Loss Coach, or independent titles such as Passage are slowly, one by one, changing the public’s conception of games.
As new titles appear that push the envelope of what people, like my mother, think of as games, we approach an environment where emotional and intellectual discourse is possible.
So what’s the big deal?
Games have a lot of growing to do before they are ready to be heard. But imagine when we arrive: a world where games could teach you how to drive better, how to write better, how to talk with coworkers and friends better.
Imagine games that could help you understand life outside of your country, to conceptualize the hardships of the poor. Imagine games that could expand your mind, and make your personal world richer than it as before. Those are games worth seeking out.
[Brice Morrison is a game designer who has been developing quirky titles since he was in middle school. Before taking a job at Electronic Arts, he developed several successful independent games such as Jelly Wars, an action adventure franchise, and QuickQuests, a casual MMORPG.
While at the University of Virginia, Brice founded Student Game Developers, an organization which continues to produce games every semester and open the doors to the games industry for students. His blog at BriceMorrison.com discusses games in a broader context and how they can be more than simply entertainment.]
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23 Comments
Brice, is it beyond your ability to design a more mature game for the audience that you would want to belong to? It's a simple thing to put down an industry and ignore the attempts at what you're asking for (Bioshock, Civ). Oh and the 'game' passive is a pretentious joke.
john | November 6, 2008 7:05 PM
Hi, I guess the problem is not about the gameplay itself, but our willingness to spend some time to play games. Good games offer long hours of entertainment where adults will use those for other things. So, game for adult people will need less attention and shorter time. It could be something more lateral like you said, brain games, sports, wii-kind of game, or even game like Passage. Or actually pure entertainment will still work, as we all know that a lot of 40-ish lady play casual games a lot. I dont' mind to play a fun game to kill my time. Our generation will less reluctant to play games when we at our mother's age.
dienw | November 6, 2008 8:03 PM
I don't think Bioshock is a good example of a "mature" game. Its story may have had a few mature (or at least young adult) elements, but its gameplay was basically for kids, not something most intelligent adults who weren't hooked on FPS games when they were younger would find stimulating.
Civilization is a good example though. I find that as I get older my gameplay tastes gravitate toward turn-based strategy like Civilization and Alpha Centauri.
Anyway, thanks for this post, I agree with it, and this is exactly what I'm trying to do with my games.
Paul Eres | November 6, 2008 10:44 PM
Oh, and "Passage" was in no way a pretentious joke, I got a lot out of it. Sure, you may not have enjoyed it, but many people have, and to say that all those people who got a lot out of it are wrong is weird. Passage is a good example of a mature game too, except I found it a bit too short for my tastes; I'd like to see what Jason Rohrer could do with a one- or two-hour game rather than just a five-minute one.
Paul Eres | November 6, 2008 10:47 PM
There's already social games out there that can teach people how to interact with others. If you like the Role-Playing, I may suggest an MMO. All players do in a MMO is socialize and learn from each other.
Timothy | November 7, 2008 1:40 AM
"All players do in a MMO is socialize and learn from each other."
Uh, all players (generally) do in MMOs is click on bigger and brighter monsters for hours and hours, seeing a few numbers go up in the process, of some of them engage in pretty banal socialization around that context some of the time.
Surely we can do better.
Patrick | November 7, 2008 4:58 AM
I seriously disagree that games must be "boring" to be mature. This is a warped, misguided perspective. In school, were your favorite teachers, the teachers you learned the most from -- were they the most BORING ones? Of course not! They were the teachers with passion and excitement, who loved what they did. I see 0% correlation between boring and "mature" in regards to gaming.
As somewhat touched on in the post, one of the real keys to helping the games industry mature is in making games more ACCESSIBLE -- which the Wii does a great job of. Making a game your parents can play and enjoy with you is a real triumph.
Gamer X | November 7, 2008 7:31 AM
I don't necessarily play games to expand my mind or to make my life richer and I don't expect them to do these things. If they do, all the better but I play them to have fun. Games don't need to do these things that you mention and personally, I don't want them to. Playing a game that teaches me how to drive better is essentially equating gaming to going to school and I can't say that this is a very appealing idea. If I want to expand my mind or enrich my life I’ll read philosophy or create art. When I want to shoot monsters, I’ll play GOW.
Toby | November 7, 2008 11:06 AM
Passage is a straight-up POS and I like most of the author's other work. I guess I just question why breakthrough games, landmark works with few-to-no points of reference like Killer7, Portal, and Shadow of the Colossus aren't enough for this guy. Games don't need to grow up, because in 30 years most of North America will have grown up around them - the same thing happened with film.
Malasdair | November 7, 2008 2:29 PM
I don't understand what everyone is getting defensive about here. M-rated games are NOT what the author is asking for. What he's asking for are the games that do something to change your world view, to give you a message.
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I guess I just question why breakthrough games, landmark works with few-to-no points of reference like Killer7, Portal, and Shadow of the Colossus aren't enough for this guy.
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Maybe I don't understand how those games fulfill what he's looking for?
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Imagine games that could help you understand life outside of your country, to conceptualize the hardships of the poor. Imagine games that could expand your mind, and make your personal world richer than it as before. Those are games worth seeking out.
***
Passage was most definitely NOT a POS. It made you think and showed you what happens in your life when you make certain choices. I don't see how Portal or Shadow of the Colossus did anything similar. Yes, they are great games, but if you're in the mood for a fantastic mystery novel, you don't want someone to give you a dime store romance novel, do you?
How does Portal compare to Passage in the sense that Morrison is looking for games that do more than test his reflexes and puzzle-solving ability? It doesn't.
Morrison isn't saying that games have no worth, so again, why all the defensive hostility? He is just arguing that as he has gotten older, games haven't aged with him. I can't see how one could possibly get mad at him for pointing it out. Outside of a few indie art games and military simulations, can anyone point to a game that is meant to teach a worldview? It doesn't have to be fun, even if you only prefer fun games. Not everyone has the same tastes, remember.
GBGames | November 7, 2008 3:05 PM
Passage failed because there was no gameplay. It might work as an interactive art piece, but I'd refrain from calling it a game. Gravitation, on the other hand, is a fantastic short game!
Paintings don't really teach worldviews, and I don't hear people complaining that they like Bosch or Bacon less than they did when they were 15. Clearly the man is looking for something quite different in art than my definition accounts for. And if Killer7 didn't make you question your worldview, well, maybe you didn't finish it? That's pretty understandable. It's also pretty easy not to get, or to write off as useless like I did to Passage, but I found it endlessly rewarding. Shadow of the Colossus qualifies as well - it's the best anti-authoritarian game there is, a video-game V for Vendetta. (and don't get me started on this guy's approach to comics!)
Malasdair | November 7, 2008 3:38 PM
Games need to be boring, huh? Riiiiight....
1984 was not "boring." Nor was Brave New World.
Indikaze | November 7, 2008 4:34 PM
" Outside of a few indie art games and military simulations, can anyone point to a game that is meant to teach a worldview? It doesn't have to be fun, even if you only prefer fun games. Not everyone has the same tastes, remember."
Sure, I could name many such games. These are games that have changed my worldview quite a bit:
- Endless Forest (PC / MMO)
- Planescape: Torment (PC / RPG)
- Seiklus (PC / Exploration)
- Knytt & Knytt Stories (PC / Exploration)
- Chrono Trigger (SNES / RPG)
- Katamari Damacy (PS2 / Action-Exploration?)
- Final Fantasy VI (SNES / RPG)
- Facade (PC / Experimental)
- Lemmings (PC / Puzzle)
- Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar (PC & NES / RPG)
- Defcon (PC / Nuclear War)
- Loom (PC / Adventure)
- Uplink (PC / Hacking Game)
- Wonder Project J (SNES / Simulation)
- Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain (PC & PS1 / Action-Adventure)
- Majora's Mask (N64 / Action-Adventure)
- Ico (PS1 / Adventure)
- Snatcher (Sega CD / Adventure)
- Sword of the Samurai (PC / Action-Adventure-Strategy-Simulation)
- SimEarth (PC / Simulation)
- Kagero: Deception (PS1 / Traps)
- Final Fantasy VII (PS1 / RPG)
- Metal Gear Solid 2 (PS1 / Stealth)
- Balance of Power (Mac / Cold War Geostrategy)
- Narcissu (PC / Visual Novel)
- Fallout 1 & 2 (PC / RPG)
- Trust & Betrayal: The Legacy of Siboot (PC / Social)
- Alter Ego (PC / Browser)
- Photopia (PC / Text Adventure without puzzles)
- Out of This World (SNES & PC / Platformer-Puzzle)
- E.V.O: The Search for Eden (SNES / Platformer-Simulation?)
- Persona (PS1 / RPG)
- Civilization (PC / Simulation, Strategy)
- Alpha Centauri (PC / Simulation, Strategy)
- Persona 3 (PS2 / RPG-DatingSim?)
- Pikmin (GameCube / Exploration-RTS?)
- Xenogears (PS2 / RPG)
- Sword of Jade (PC / RPG)
- A Mind Forever Voyaging (PC / Interactive Fiction)
- Balance of the Planet (Mac & PC / World Simulator)
Also people have said the same of a few of my own games, especially Immortal Defense.
Paul Eres | November 7, 2008 6:22 PM
Man, as someone who has played games for years while growing up, I can't begin to describe how insulting this sounds.
I guarantee if your rant was reprinted anywhere else on a more mainstream forum you would be getting an unbelievable amount of heat right now.
In fact, I hope you or someone else will reprint this article somewhere else, just so they can show how much folly you have built within those elitist walls
wtf | November 7, 2008 7:25 PM
that's a rather good list, mr. eres.
there are a ton of sim and strategy games with nuanced, complex gameplay that requires thought and patience. there are a number of games with well-crafted or thought-provoking stories, such as braid, silent hill 2, portal, and shadow of the colossus. and there are plenty of games with sophisticated audio/visual aesthetics, such as rez, killer7, and shadow of the colossus. any way you slice it, "mature" games have been and will continue to be made.
so what's the real issue? the author's ignorance of the quantity of adult-oriented comics and games out there makes it clear that his concern is not with the quality of games, but with a percieved others' opinion of his pursuits. a lot of the "are games art" arguments boil down to this. it's useless whinging from people who can't accept that the traditional elite opinion might be uninformed, and not worth caring about.
1234 | November 7, 2008 11:14 PM
Nice article.
I have two thoughts, the first one is somewhat contentious:
Games are not a medium.
Specifically, games are not a "communications" medium. For example, when you were at college did you also listen to music? Time spent listening to music, playing music with friends, shopping for music, arguing about which albums or bands are better, all that *also* happened at the expense of reading Orwell and watching CNN. Was that time wasted? The question is not "What is the value of the information content am I consuming in this activity?" but simply "What is the value I am deriving from this activity?" We will certainly continue to see more mature and sophisticated themes and subject matters in games, and this is good news. But it has little to do with the inherent value of games as an activity.
My second point is much less contentious:
Grown-ups play games.
They just don't play as many *video* games. Maybe looking at the kinds of games that adults enjoy: Bridge, Tennis, Poker, Golf, Chess, can give us clues to making games that will appeal to our own tastes as we become adults. For example, they don't tend to have more mature themes, they tend to be *less thematic* - less about surface and more about a direct experience of the dynamics of interaction.
I know it's 180 degrees opposed to the current sensibilities of our narrative/graphics/simulation obsessions, but one thing to try, for those of us interested in how videogames can become better suited to adult tastes, is simply: less make-believe.
Frank Lantz | November 8, 2008 9:36 AM
An interesting topic and unfortunately a very sloppy article.
The comic book example is simply not true and Scott McCloud never said such a thing about all comic books, his criticism was aimed mainly at US mainstream comics (Marvel, DC). There are a lot of truely mature graphic novels coming from Europe (works by Enki Bilal for example), most of them are certainly also available in English.
Also, it seems rather strange to write such an article - praising Nintendo - while largely ignoring the indie scene. Just like in the film business, true innovation in terms of content or some kind of avantgarde aesthetics are usually not born in the production system of the major studios. Nintendo is revolutionizing the business, hardly the medium itself.
slang | November 8, 2008 3:09 PM
I think the majority of you are missing the point of the article. What i believe he is saying is that he doesn't learn something about something like humanity or human rights from playing games anymore. I can vouch for the same as I am about to graduate college and find that gaming is becoming useless for me as a medium. I can't name a single game that will show me the realities of the gay rights struggle. so what do i do, go to books or film. and I would really like to know what besides entertainment and a moving story anybody got out of shadow of the colossus. please try to really understand what the man is saying before freaking out.
piffboy | November 8, 2008 10:22 PM
Wow. So many comments have missed the point entirely, or are stuck seeing gaming in a certain way.
I sobbed as I finished Passage. Sobbed. I cried when Aerith died, but it was different. It was Hollywood narrative structure implemented in 3D modling (and damned well too. wonderful moment in cinematic-narrative RPG gaming)
but Passage was an expressive piece of work using gaming as a medium. It took a universe bound by rules and systems (aka a "game" or piece of programmed computer software) and made an important statement about choice, change/time, and birth/death.
It is amongst a handful of up and coming works that step beyond the "ZOMG ZELDA64 IS UNTOUCHABLE" paradigm that has plagued games and game criticism for so long. Of course, Zelda was unstoppably good, but its so far from the top of the mountain in this medium.
And what else can we expect really? These games are created by companies that exist for profit. Its commerce. Gaming distribution/creation is just starting to see the baby steps toward democratization that other mediums have seen in the last 10 years. Once indie game development becomes a bit more prevalent, and people are able to use this medium to express things untouched by a desire to have an audience (and simply touched by the desire to make a statement using the special things only this medium can offer) we will see some interesting stuff.
That isnt to crap on what gaming is currently doing, or what corporate games companies are churning out. Theres some great stuff there, even some legit art, but theres still a whole unexplored world too that Im tremendously excited for, and increasingly trying to be a part of.
Only time will tell, but as technology blooms and freedom hits game development, I'd put money on my words.
Paper Kettle | November 8, 2008 10:55 PM
I used to hold out hope that games would become relevant to everybody as technology progressed.
Technology just isn't moving fast enough.
For most people, games are too expensive, too inaccessible, and too irrelevant to approach the value (in the sense of money, time, and insight) of books, movies, or TV.
For games to reach the universal adoption and status of other media formats, games will need to make fantastic advances in accurate and natural interfaces, accurate interactivity (AI, simulation), and cost.
We as people will probably meet games halfway (we all had to learn how to read, after all) but it will be a very, very long time -- maybe even a lifetime -- before games can "grow up".
Abel | November 9, 2008 8:44 AM
I'm not sure, Brice, that you made the point well enough here. While I agree with the general idea to a small degree, I personally, as a 46 year old man, am not not interested in games or think that there are not good games to be played, but I am at a point where most "adults" get to where I realize that things others than gaming may be more important in the larger scheme of my life.
I have two brilliant young boys to help raise into early adulthood, a beautiful wife who actually said yes to sharing her life with me 16 years ago, a garden to grow things, too many wonderful books to read, more thing to learn in life, art to create, etc.
All of these things need to be balanced so I've found that games that I can pick up and run with for 15 minute stretches are what I enjoy now ... Mass Effect might be a good game but I do not have the time to bother ever playing. Even a great game like Galactic Civilizations II has never been played for me ... not because I don't want to try it, but simply because I have no time for it in the real world.
So I stick to the familiar ... hits of Diablo II when I want a half hour click-fest, Civilization IV for fun, and a small handful of casual games for those brief moments of gaming. I certainly recognize great games when they come along (few and far between) ... my son's Zelda on the Wii looks great ... but honestly, who has the time to devote to games anymore? Oh yeah, the ones still playing games ... kids and teens and people in their early 20s to my mind.
But I also now board game with the kids and wife and friends a lot more these days ... there is nothing more fun and social than gathering a group and playing Ticket to Ride or Alhambra or Kill Dr. Lucky. And maybe that's what's missing too from games ... even MMOs ... the immediate and personal social aspect?
DaveyJJ | November 10, 2008 11:48 AM
I'm not sure, Brice, that you made the point well enough here. While I agree with the general idea to a small degree, I personally, as a 46 year old man, am not not interested in games or think that there are not good games to be played, but I am at a point where most "adults" get to where I realize that things others than gaming may be more important in the larger scheme of my life.
I have two brilliant young boys to help raise into early adulthood, a beautiful wife who actually said yes to sharing her life with me 16 years ago, a garden to grow things, too many wonderful books to read, more thing to learn in life, art to create, etc.
All of these things need to be balanced so I've found that games that I can pick up and run with for 15 minute stretches are what I enjoy now ... Mass Effect might be a good game but I do not have the time to bother ever playing. Even a great game like Galactic Civilizations II has never been played for me ... not because I don't want to try it, but simply because I have no time for it in the real world.
So I stick to the familiar ... hits of Diablo II when I want a half hour click-fest, Civilization IV for fun, and a small handful of casual games for those brief moments of gaming. I certainly recognize great games when they come along (few and far between) ... my son's Zelda on the Wii looks great ... but honestly, who has the time to devote to games anymore? Oh yeah, the ones still playing games ... kids and teens and people in their early 20s to my mind.
But I also now board game with the kids and wife and friends a lot more these days ... there is nothing more fun and social than gathering a group and playing Ticket to Ride or Alhambra or Kill Dr. Lucky. And maybe that's what's missing too from games ... even MMOs ... the immediate and personal social aspect?
PS. I still read Dr. Seuss, btw, along with kids lit like the Inkheart series etc, as well as Proust, Scalzi, and other great books. Don't break books down into "only read by kids" categories ... that's not giving kids or adults with good imaginations any credit :-)
DaveyJJ | November 10, 2008 11:50 AM
I never really got the whole trading Dr. Seuss for Orwell or cartoons for CNN thing. There's nothing wrong with Dr. Seuss...you don't need to grow past him, the man was a genius and his books are landmarks in the world of children's literature. Don't get me wrong, Orwell was a genius too.
And same goes for Cartoons. I love cartoons and I'm pretty sure I'll always love cartoons. There's something sad to me about a person who feels that they're too old to enjoy a good cartoon. Again, I'm not arguing you shouldn't keep up with current events, but I can hardly imagine preferring to watch a bunch of talking heads on CNN endless debating this and that and whatever else happens to be on the menu that day.
I can list a HUGE number of comic books that do all the things you list, although again I'd point out that there is nothing wrong with super hero comic books--some of which have dealt with very serious themes over the years.
The moment you brought up Super Mario Bros. as an example of an 'immature' game...I knew I was going to have a problem with you. It's funny, because you're right. You don't learn any great message about life, death, or whatever else from Mario. But it does impart feelings of wonder, discovery, magic, IMAGINATION. Above all that last one. The one reason I love video games so much is that they allow me to visit someone else's imagination--not just as a visitor on the outside, but as an active part of that imagination.
You shouldn't misunderstand me. I loved The Passage. I loved Knytt. Stars Over Half-Moon Bay by Rod Humble (the guy who made The Marriage) is one of my favorite games of all time. In fact my favorites and bookmarks list is filled with a multitude of indie game developers like Jonathan Blow.
BUT I think your post is a sad example of everything that could go wrong with games. The moment you decide we need to move past Super Mario Bros. is the moment you want to abandon the essence of what makes video games great.
Matt L. | November 29, 2008 8:47 PM